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Australia in the Vietnam War era
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Why did Australia become involved in the Vietnam War?
Topic : Why did Australia become involved in the Vietnam War?
In this topic you will learn...
Chapter 1 :
Vietnam War: background
Vietnam was divided along the 17th parallel at the Geneva Conference in 1954
There was a communist government in the north under Ho Chi Minh
There was an anti-communist government in the South led by Ngo Dinh Diem
The planned re-unification of Vietnam in 1956 was abandoned
Diem refused to hold democratic elections because he knew that Ho Chi Minh would win
After 1956 Diem's regime grew even more totalitarian and repressive
Meanwhile Viet Minh-supported resistance activities increased in the south
South Vietnam was weakened by internal divisions
It became apparent that Diem's government was going to need external help
Chapter 2 :
The American involvement
American involvement in Vietnam can be traced back to the first Indo-China War when it had given financial support to the French
The US saw Vietnam as a gateway into Asia for the spread of democracy or communism
South Vietnam had to be defended from the threat of communism so the US started sending advisors to aid the Diem government
They helped to equip and train the Republic of Vietnam's army (ARVN)
As the Viet Cong insurgencies increased so did the number of American advisors
The Gulf of Tonkin incident gave the US an excuse to begin offensives in North Vietnam and the conflict began to escalate
In March 1965, the first US Marines arrived and the bombing of North Vietnam began
America hoped to force the communists into a settlement but it only increased the resolve of the Viet Minh
By the end of the War 58 000 American soldiers had died
Chapter 3 :
Why Australia entered the war
The American alliance through the ANZUS and SEATO treaties
Australia had previously committed troops in other countries to fight communism
Fear of communism in Australia
The geography of the region and the domino theory
Requests for Australian involvement from the US and the government of South Vietnam
Australia was prepared for a war
Chapter 4 :
How Australia entered the war
Australia had had military advisors in Vietnam since 1962, in 1965 the government committed an infantry battalion
Australian participation in the war was gradual; troop numbers built up over a number of years as Viet Cong insurgencies increased
By 1971 nearly 50 000 Australians had fought in Vietnam
A large number of Australians fighting in Vietnam were national service conscripts
Australian soldiers had a lot of experience fighting in the jungle and they proved themselves in battle against the Viet Cong
One of their most famous battles was at Long Tan in 1966
The last Australian soldier did not leave Vietnam until 1971
520 Australian soldiers were killed and over 2000 were injured
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